Bullying in Canada – What To Do As A Parent

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Bullying is a painful and widespread reality, affecting children across Canada (and of course other countries worldwide) in schools, on sports fields, and increasingly, behind screens. Whether it’s physical intimidation, exclusion, or cyberbullying, the effects can be long-lasting. As parents and caregivers, we play a vital role in recognising the signs of bullying in Canada and supporting our children to feel safe, empowered and heard.

The Effects of Bullying on Children

The impact of bullying goes well beyond the moment of conflict. Victims, bystanders and even bullies themselves may carry long-term consequences such as:

  • Anxiety and depression
  • Behavioural challenges
  • Academic struggles
  • Withdrawal from social settings
  • An increased risk of substance abuse

Studies suggest that children who bully others were often once bullied themselves. This highlights how bullying can become a damaging, self-perpetuating cycle that affects both individuals and communities.

According to available data:

  • Nearly 1 in 3 Canadian students have reported being bullied 1
  • 71% of Canadian youth reported experiencing bullying in the preceding 12 months 2
  • Cyberbullying is on the rise, with girls more likely to be victims than boys 1
  • Only a third of students report bullying to an adult 1
  • Children who are bullied are more likely to miss school and suffer emotional distress

These figures make it clear: most Canadian children will encounter bullying in some form, and the need for awareness and action has never been more important. Bullying in Canada is not something that we, as parents, can afford to ignore. 

The Different Faces of Modern Bullying in Canada

It’s helpful to understand that bullying is not the same as fighting. Fighting happens between people with equal power, while bullying involves using power—whether physical, emotional, or social—to intimidate, humiliate or harm another person repeatedly.

Common types of bullying include:

  • Physical bullying: Hitting, shoving, spitting, tripping, or damaging belongings
  • Verbal bullying: Name-calling, threats, harassment or cruel teasing
  • Social bullying: Spreading rumours, excluding someone from a group, or manipulating friendships
  • Cyberbullying: Hurtful messages, fake profiles, threats, and public shaming via phones or social media

The reach of online bullying means children may experience constant harassment even at home – which was once a safe space.

Signs Your Child May Be Experiencing Bullying

As a parent, one of the greatest tools you have available to you is active listening. When children talk about their day or peers, listen attentively – these conversations often hold clues to underlying issues. This means cherishing the times that our children open up to us, by putting away distractions like phones and laptops.

Warning Signs of Bullying in Canada:

  • Emotional or behavioural changes: Mood swings, withdrawal, low self-esteem, sleep issues, appetite changes, emotional outbursts
  • Physical indicators: Unexplained injuries, lost or damaged possessions, frequent complaints of feeling ill
  • Academic shifts: Drop in grades, avoidance of school, loss of interest in schoolwork or extracurriculars
  • Social cues: Isolation, changes in friendships, aggressive behaviour at home, fear of social situations, or clinging to parents

If you’re concerned about how bullying is affecting your child’s self-worth, try our Self-Esteem Worksheet for Elementary Students or Self-Esteem Worksheet for Teens. These tools are designed to help your child rebuild confidence and develop a more resilient sense of self. You can also check out our article on helping your child with low self-esteem!

What to Do if Your Child Is Being Bullied

If your child opens up about bullying, remain calm and supportive. Many children hesitate to speak up because they fear adults will overreact and make things worse. Rather than reacting emotionally and setting a poor example, praise your child for doing the right thing by telling an adult. It’s a great idea to come up with potential solutions in collaboration with your child, to ensure that no unintended backlash is caused. 

If a matter is not serious, remind your child that bullies often seek a reaction, so it’s best to not give them one. For more serious cases, here are some useful steps to take: 

1. Gather Information

Document what’s happened: dates, places, people involved, what was said or done, and any evidence (texts, photos, emails, etc.).

2. Understand Your Child’s Rights and School Policies

Most school boards in Canada are required to have a safe schools policy. Ask for a copy of the school’s anti-bullying policy and review their code of conduct.

In Canada, bullying may be covered under various laws depending on the severity and nature of the incident, including:

  • The Education Act (provincial level): Requires schools to provide a safe learning environment 
  • The Youth Criminal Justice Act: Applies if criminal harassment, threats, or physical harm is involved 
  • Provincial human rights codes: Protect children from harassment and discrimination based on identity 
  • Cyberbullying laws: Under the Criminal Code, sharing intimate images or sending threatening content can be prosecuted 

For more on the legal implications of cyberbullying, you can review RCMP’s useful factsheet.  

3. Contact the School

Calmly report your concerns and refer to school policies. Work with the school to create an action plan and follow up until changes are made.

3.1 If Necessary, Contact the Police

If your child’s safety is at risk or the bullying occurs outside school grounds, report it to the police. Keep records and reference case numbers if needed.

4. Monitor Progress

Check-in regularly with your child to see if the bullying has stopped. You can also follow up with the school, as agreed deadlines are reached. 

5. Additional Actions for Cyberbullying

Be sure to capture and retain screenshots of all incidents and interactions. Offensive posts, comments and pictures should be reported to the relevant social media platform, if applicable. 

How To Prevent Bullying 

Even if your child is not currently being bullied, there are measures you can put in place as a family and a community to try to prevent incidents of bullying in Canada. The steps below can help to prevent bullying or can help you to spot it more quickly. 

1. Educate Your Children About Bullying

It’s important to discuss with your children what bullying looks like. This will allow them to more easily identify whether it is happening to them or someone else. 

2. Speak to Your Child Openly and Often

Foster an environment in which you and your child speak comfortably about difficult topics. This makes it more likely they will confide in you if they are faced with bullying or other challenges. To build this type of environment, check in with your children daily. Engage about their day at school and their online lives, discussing not only their classes and activities, but also their impressions and feelings. 

3. Encourage Your Child to be a Positive Roleplayer

In most bullying incidents there are three parties: the perpetrator, the victim and the bystander. Even if your child is not the victim of a bully, they can help to prevent bullying by being kind, respectful and inclusive of their peers. Encourage them to speak out against and about bullying behaviour that they witness or become aware of. 

4. Endeavour to Build Your Child’s Self Confidence

You can do this by encouraging them to participate in classes or activities that bring them joy in the community. This type of active participation can help build their confidence and broaden their social connections.  

5. Be a Role Model

By showing your child how to treat others with kindness and respect, you are entrenching a culture that does not leave room for bullying. This also means speaking up when you see injustice and talking to your child about it – whether you witness it in real life or see it depicted on television. Children look to the adults in their lives as examples of how they should behave. Don’t forget that they may also see your online behaviour and actions, so be sure to set a good example. Gone are the days of “do as I say, not as I do”.   

6. Include Yourself in Your Child’s Online Experience

It’s important to maintain openness with your child and navigate their online lives with them. You can do this by becoming familiar with which platforms your children use, as well as by explaining to them how the online and offline worlds are connected. It is also helpful to have frank (but age-appropriate) discussions with them about the variety of risks they may face online.  

Summing It Up: Bullying in Canada

Bullying leaves lasting scars, but it’s not something your child has to face alone. By staying engaged, listening with empathy, and taking thoughtful action, you can help break the cycle and ensure your child knows they are safe, valued, and strong.

Looking to support your child’s confidence and resilience in their academic life too? BrightSparkz offers compassionate, experienced tutors who focus on much more than marks – we help students rediscover their spark.

 

An adapted version of this article has been published on our sister site.

Helping Your Child With Low Self-Esteem: A Guide for Canadian Parents

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All children face challenges as they grow, but for those struggling with low self-esteem, even small setbacks can feel overwhelming. As a parent or caregiver, your role in helping your child develop healthy self-esteem is vital. Providing steady support, positive reinforcement, and practical tools can make all the difference in rebuilding their sense of self-worth.

In this guide, we’ll explore what self-esteem is, how to recognise when it’s low, and what you can do to help your child grow into a more confident and capable version of themselves.

Why Self-Esteem Matters

Psychologically, self-esteem refers to “the feeling of self-appreciation” – essentially, how we value and perceive ourselves. For children, developing a healthy sense of self-worth is crucial. It forms the foundation of emotional well-being, resilience, and the confidence to try, fail, and try again. When children believe in themselves, they are more likely to take on new challenges, bounce back from mistakes, and form strong, positive relationships.

Low self-esteem, on the other hand, can lead to anxiety, withdrawal, or harsh self-criticism. It may affect academic performance, social skills, and mental health over the long term. Recognising the signs early can make a world of difference.

Signs of Low Self-Esteem in Children

Low self-esteem can look different depending on your child’s age. Here are some common signs to watch for:

In younger children (ages 4–7):

  • Reluctance to try new things or participate in activities
  • Frequent crying or emotional outbursts
  • Saying things like “I’m no good” or “I can’t do it”
  • Clinginess or a need for constant reassurance
  • Avoiding eye contact or appearing overly shy

In older children and teens (ages 8+):

  • Withdrawing from friends or family
  • Harsh self-criticism or negative self-talk
  • Difficulty coping with mistakes or failure
  • Over-sensitivity to criticism or rejection
  • Risk-taking behaviour or changes in eating and sleeping patterns

Regardless of age, children with low self-esteem may avoid social settings or doubt their abilities. Early intervention offers the chance to build them up before these patterns become more deeply rooted.

Helping Your Child With Low Self-Esteem

Helping Your Child With Low Self-Esteem

If you’ve noticed signs of low self-esteem, here are practical and gentle ways to support your child:

  • Show love and warmth: Express your affection consistently. Remind them that they are loved and valued, no matter what. 
  • Speak kindly: Replace harsh criticism with constructive feedback that focuses on behaviour rather than personal flaws. 
  • Praise effort, not perfection: Recognise hard work and persistence, not just outcomes – and keep your praise sincere. 
  • Talk about feelings: Create a safe space for them to open up, and listen with empathy and without judgement. 
  • Highlight strengths: Help them recognise their abilities and create opportunities for success. 
  • Challenge negative self-talk: Gently reframe self-critical thoughts and encourage kinder inner dialogue. 
  • Normalise mistakes: Teach that getting things wrong is a natural part of learning and growing. 
  • Avoid comparisons: Emphasise individual growth over competition or comparison with others. 
  • Encourage acceptance of praise: Help them practise receiving compliments graciously. 
  • Focus on the present: Support them in learning from the past while keeping their focus on what they can do now. 
  • Try affirmations: Daily affirmations can slowly reshape how children view themselves. 
  • Support self-expression: Encourage your child to share their thoughts, opinions, and preferences. 
  • Teach new skills: Mastering something new can significantly boost confidence and independence. 
  • Support their goals: Help them set achievable goals and celebrate their progress. 
  • Have fun together: Shared laughter and joy strengthen relationships and lift mood. 
  • Promote movement: Physical activity is a powerful tool for improving mood and confidence. 
  • Seek professional help if needed: If concerns persist, consult your GP or a licensed mental health professional. 

For additional support, you can download our Self-Esteem Worksheet for Elementary Students and Self-Esteem Worksheet for Teens – both designed to encourage reflection and boost confidence in age-appropriate ways.

Tips for Raising Confident Children

Confidence allows children to trust in their abilities and handle life’s ups and downs. Here are a few simple strategies to nurture it:

  • Model calm confidence: Let your child see you tackle challenges with a positive outlook – even if you’re feeling unsure. 
  • Let them try – and fail: Resisting the urge to rescue them every time something goes wrong builds resilience. 
  • Encourage new experiences: Help them explore unfamiliar activities to build belief in their adaptability. 
  • Support their passions: Whether it’s music, science, or sports, nurturing interests fosters purpose and inner strength. 
  • Break goals into steps: Small, realistic milestones give children the satisfaction of steady progress. 
  • Include them at home: Age-appropriate responsibilities build a sense of belonging and capability. 
  • Talk about imperfection: Remind them that nobody is perfect – and that’s perfectly okay. 
  • Create small wins: Balance challenges with moments of guaranteed success to maintain motivation. 

Final Thoughts on Helping Your Child With Low Self-Esteem

Helping your child with low self-esteem doesn’t require grand solutions – just consistent care, encouragement, and the belief that they are enough, exactly as they are. By showing up and supporting their growth, you’re giving your child one of life’s most powerful gifts: the confidence to be themselves.

If you’re looking to build your child’s academic confidence, BrightSparkz offers experienced tutors ready to support your child’s unique learning journey.

An adapted version of this article has been published on our sister site.

Unlocking Math Confidence: How to use Math manipulatives at home

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As a parent, you want to support your child’s learning in the best way possible. Math manipulatives – physical objects that help children understand mathematical concepts – can be a powerful tool. They can be used to make Math more accessible and engaging for younger kids. The use of Math manipulatives at home can reinforce school lessons, build confidence, and make Math fun! In this article we’ll look at how parents in Canada can incorporate these hands-on learning aids into daily routines. We’ll also explore what they are and why they’re useful.

What Are Math Manipulatives?

When it comes to teaching Math, a manipulative is an object that is used to help a child comprehend a mathematical concept. They help children to visualise and grasp the concepts through hands-on activities. Examples include: 

  • Counting blocks and number lines for basic arithmetic
  • Base ten blocks to illustrate place value
  • Fraction tiles and pizza models for understanding fractions
  • Pattern blocks and geoboards for exploring geometry
  • Measuring cups and rulers for learning about measurement

These tools support experiential learning, making abstract concepts more tangible and easier to grasp. Because so many household items can be incorporated, it’s a great idea to use Math manipulatives at home. 

Why Math Manipulatives Matter

Young children, especially those between 4 and 8, are transitioning from concrete to more abstract thinking. Manipulatives help to bridge that gap by offering visual and tactile experiences geared toward building foundational Math skills. Some of the key skills targeted include: 

  • Strengthening number sense and counting abilities
  • Developing problem-solving and critical-thinking skills
  • Enhancing spatial reasoning and geometric understanding

If you’re able to use Math manipulatives at home, you can reinforce classroom learning and boost confidence. 

How Parents Can Use Math Manipulatives at Home

Here are a few practical ways to integrate manipulatives into your child’s learning routine:

  • Counting and Number Sense: Use counting blocks or number lines to practice addition and subtraction in a fun way.
  • Place Value Understanding: Demonstrate how numbers are structured with base ten blocks.
  • Fractions and Decimals: Teach fractions using fraction tiles or by dividing everyday objects like fruit or pizza.
  • Measurement and Geometry: Explore measurement concepts by using rulers, measuring cups, or pattern blocks.
  • Problem-Solving and Word Problems: Act out real-life math problems with household objects to help children grasp problem-solving strategies.

Our Favourite, Simple Product

Use math manipulatives at home

If you don’t want to use items around the house, here’s our top pick for a Math manipulative: Snap Cubes. Don’t know where to start? JR Toy Canada has an excellent offer on a 100 pack Hand2Mind Snap Cubes set. It’s designed to help young children master early Math skills. The cubes can be stacked or linked together on all sides with circle shape cutouts. All of this makes it easy for little hands to connect and twist apart. 

Alternatively, every household item is fair game. Think beans, pasta, coins – the sky is the limit. 

Tips for Making Math Engaging at Home

  • Incorporate Math into Daily Activities: Use manipulatives while cooking, shopping, or playing board games.
  • Make Learning Fun: Turn Math practice into a game with friendly competitions and small rewards.
  • Encourage a Growth Mindset: Praise effort and perseverance rather than just correct answers.
  • Keep It Low-Pressure: Let your child explore Math in a relaxed, enjoyable way rather than making it feel like extra homework.

If your child isn’t in school yet, but you’d like to work on building numeracy skills, look no further than the Little Sparkz enrichment book! You can never start too young. 

Final Thoughts

Math manipulatives are an excellent way to make Math accessible, enjoyable, and engaging for children. By integrating them into everyday learning, parents can boost their child’s confidence and reinforce key mathematical concepts. Try incorporating one new manipulative activity this week and observe how it enhances your child’s learning experience!

Maximising Tutoring Benefits: A Guide for Parents

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How Parents Can Maximise Tutoring Benefits

As a parent, you naturally want to provide the best possible support for your child’s education. However, time constraints can make it challenging to be as involved as you might like. In fact, this may be the very reason you’ve sought out tutoring in the first place. Our key piece of advice is simple: be kind to yourself and your child. Implementing even a few of the following tips can enhance the tutoring experience, but if you are stretched thin, that’s completely fine too—there’s no parent-shame here! Let’s jump straight into how parents can maximise tutoring benefits. 

To read more about getting a tutor, check out our Ultimate Guide on Getting a Tutor!

1. Actively Review and Process Tutor Feedback

Regular feedback from your tutor or tutoring agency is essential. If you’re not receiving it, don’t hesitate to ask for updates. Take time to review the feedback and determine any necessary actions. For example, if the tutor mentions that your child is distracted by their phone during sessions, consider setting boundaries for phone use during tutoring. By staying engaged with the tutor’s insights, you can actively support your child’s learning and maximise the benefits of your investment.

2. Foster Open and Honest Communication

Effective communication is key to a successful tutoring experience. Ensure that all relevant communication channels are open and appropriate. Discuss with your child who is responsible for scheduling lessons and clarify whether they need your approval before cancelling sessions. Let the tutor know that you are available if additional support is required. Keeping lines of communication clear can help prevent misunderstandings and ensure that everyone is on the same page.

3. Assist with Test and Exam Preparation

If your schedule allows, assisting your child with test and exam preparation can be particularly beneficial, especially for auditory learners. Encourage them to talk through what they are learning or even teach the material to you. Acting as a sounding board can reinforce their understanding and boost their confidence. Even a few minutes of review together can make a significant difference.

Read more about The Best Ways to Study, Based on Your Learning Style.

4. Regular Check-Ins

It’s important to check in with your child regularly to ensure they are keeping up with homework and are comfortable with their tutor. Some children may not readily express concerns unless prompted, so taking the initiative to ask about their progress can be helpful. A simple conversation can reveal any issues early on, allowing you to address them proactively.

5. Seek Advice from the Tutor

For any parent this is a surefire way to maximise tutoring benefits! If you have extra time, consider reaching out to the tutor for additional advice on how to support your child’s learning at home. Tutors may suggest extra resources, such as supplementary exercise books, educational videos, or interactive questioning techniques. Even small contributions can enhance your child’s learning experience and help them achieve their goals.

Final Thoughts on How Parents Can Maximise Tutoring Benefits

Supporting your child’s tutoring journey doesn’t have to be overwhelming. By incorporating even one or two of these strategies, you can make a meaningful impact on their learning experience. The most important thing is to maintain a positive and supportive approach – after all, every little bit of encouragement helps in fostering a lifelong love for learning.

To get the perfect tutor, just reach out to us and let us do the heavy lifting. We will take care of vetting candidates and finding the exact right tutor for your needs. On top of that, you’re guaranteed no subscription fees, no joining fees, no hidden fees of any sort! 

How parents can Maximise tutoring benefits

This article has been adapted from our sister site.

Overcoming Academic Challenges: Advice & Solutions for Common Difficulties Faced by Students

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Overcoming academic challenges

As much as we’d like to avoid them, academic challenges are a natural part of the learning journey. If you’re watching your child struggle with complex subjects, feeling overwhelmed by their workload, or grappling with their test and exam anxiety, you’re not alone. Fortunately we’ve got 7 tips and advice for overcoming academic challenges! 

The key to success lies in recognizing these challenges early and addressing them with effective strategies. In this blog, we’ll explore some common hurdles students face and offer practical solutions to overcome them. 

1. Understanding Complex Subjects

Challenge: Many children find themselves stuck when faced with difficult subjects like Mathematics, Science, or Languages. The complexity of these subjects can lead to frustration and disengagement. 

Solution: Get them to break down complex topics into smaller, manageable parts. Help them to focus on understanding the basics before moving on to more advanced concepts. If they’re still struggling, don’t hesitate to seek help. BrightSparkz Tutors can provide personalized instruction tailored to your child’s specific learning style, ensuring they grasp even the most challenging material. BrightSparkz Tutors also offer a range of coaching programmes, like their 2-hour interactive Study Skills Crash Course that will teach your child valuable study and organizational skills that work for their particular learning style. 

2. Managing Time Effectively

Challenge: Balancing schoolwork, extracurricular activities, and personal life can be overwhelming. Poor time management often leads to last-minute cramming and subpar performance.

Solution: Help them to develop a study schedule that allocates time for each subject based on its difficulty and their upcoming deadlines. Allow them to use tools like planners, apps, or simple to-do lists to keep track of their assignments and exams. Get your child to prioritize their tasks and to tackle the most challenging ones first when their energy levels are high.

Read more: Implementing Study & Organisational Skills

3. Dealing with Test Anxiety

Challenge: Test anxiety is a common issue that can hinder performance, even when a student is well-prepared. Symptoms include nervousness, difficulty concentrating, and blanking out during exams.

Solution: Preparation is key. Make sure your child starts studying well in advance of the test date to build up their understanding and confidence. Help them to practice relaxation techniques like deep breathing or mindfulness to calm their nerves before and during the test. Familiarizing themselves with the test format and practicing with past papers can also reduce their anxiety by making the exam feel more predictable. Ask their teachers for a few copies of past papers or try to find some online.

Read more: Does your child blank out during exams?

4. Staying Motivated

Challenge: Losing motivation is a common hurdle, especially during long school terms or when faced with a subject that doesn’t spark their interest.

Solution: Set clear, achievable goals to give your child something to work towards. Get them to break their work into smaller tasks and allow them to reward themselves when they complete them. Connecting with a BrightSparkz tutor can also provide them with the structure, encouragement and accountability they need to stay on track.

5. Improving Focus and Concentration

Challenge: Distractions are everywhere, and maintaining focus can be difficult, especially when studying at home.

Solution: Create a dedicated study space free from distractions like phones, toys or TV. Use techniques like the Pomodoro Technique, where they study for 25 minutes and then take a 5-minute break. This method can improve your child’s concentration and productivity. Additionally, ensure they are well-rested, fed healthy meals, and are well hydrated to take care of their physical health, as these factors greatly impact your child’s ability to focus.

6. Overcoming Language Barriers

Challenge: For students studying in a language that is not their first, language barriers can make understanding course material and communicating effectively a challenge.

Solution: Engage in language practice outside of academic work, such as watching movies, reading books, or speaking with native speakers. Our BrightSparkz tutors specializing in language acquisition can provide targeted assistance, helping them improve their language skills alongside their academic work.

7. Seeking Help When Needed

Challenge: Some students hesitate to ask for help, fearing they’ll appear weak or unintelligent. This can lead to them not understanding a concept and ultimately falling behind in their coursework.

Solution: Ensure that your child understands that asking for help is a sign of strength, not weakness. Whether they’re approaching a teacher, joining a study group, or getting help from a tutor, getting assistance when it’s needed is crucial for overcoming academic challenges. BrightSparkz tutors can provide the personalized support that might not be available in a busy classroom, helping your child catch up and stay on track.

Read more:  When is it best to get your child a tutor?

Final Thoughts on Overcoming Academic Challenges

Every student faces academic challenges at some point. The key to overcoming these difficulties lies in recognizing them early and taking proactive steps to address them. Whether it’s helping them to improve their time management, seeking help, or finding new ways to get them to stay motivated, there’s always a solution to be found.

Remember, you’re not alone on this journey—that’s why we provide you with resources like our brilliant tutors, a wide range of helpful courses, and informative blogs and online tools to help you and your child succeed.

Don’t be afraid to reach out to us for support and remember to encourage your child to keep pushing forward. With the right strategies in place, your child can overcome any academic challenge that comes their way.

 

A different version of this article is also posted on our sister site.

Your Kindergarten Checklist!

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The summer is flying by quicker than ever and you still have so many things on your to do list. Go to the zoo, visit a new Provincial Park, hit the beach. And all the while lingering thoughts of your “baby” entering elementary school in September. 

Not all schools send out comprehensive information or conduct Kindergarten orientation to answer the questions that you probably have flying around in your brain for half the day, so we thought we could help you out by answering some, or hopefully all these questions and concerns.

What needs to go into my Kindergartener’s backpack?

  • Be sure to get a bag that is big enough to fit their snow pants, gloves, hat, water bottle and lunch on those winter days. This is when their bags will be the fullest. Keeping in mind they are still small, so we wouldn’t want them ending up on their back like a tortoise either. 
  • A lunch bag that is big enough to fit their lunch meal, fruit and two snacks. They’re likely going to have one snack mid morning, and then lunch. Each break for eating is 20 – 30 minutes and will precede or follow outside play time.
  • Water bottle. Make sure to get a leak proof bottle that is easy enough for your child to open independently. One with a straw is easier than a bigger outlet and will help prevent spills if the bottle falls over.
  • Just as we do not want to dirty our floors at home, indoor shoes are needed for school too. These need to be easy enough for them to get on and off quickly, preferably with velcro or just pull-on. No laces!
  • Our children may be fully potty trained but accidents still happen. Socks get wet from rainy day puddles, and having fun at school generally means getting dirty. Therefore it is essential to pack (in a zip lock bag, labelled with their name) some extra clothes. This can be a t-shirt, shorts, long pants, underwear and socks. You may even want to include a hoodie or long sleeve shirt. This bag generally gets taken out on the first day and placed in their cubbies for the term.
  • Schools generally have two nutrition breaks. Always pack a lunch (sandwich or warm meal in a flask so that it’s still yummy by the time it’s lunch break) along with a fruit and two snacks. This way they are able to have 2 different foods for each nutrition break. 

What kind of snacks should I pack?

  • Crackers are easy to eat, either on their own or with cheese.
  • Yogurt is available in cups, tubes or bottles. Choose whichever works best for your child.
  • Nut-free granola bars are a great filler.
  • Children generally enjoy the sweetness of dried fruit.
  • Whole grain cereals that also double up as a good fine motor exercise
  • Popcorn can also be a healthier alternative to chips
  • Cut up fresh veggies such as cucumbers, carrots, cherry tomatoes, bell peppers and olives 
  • Throw in a small cup of hummus for dipping!
  • Cut up fruits are always a hit – berries, grapes (cut vertically), apples, pears and more.
  • Cheese in all forms – blocks, strings, grated – are a great source of protein

Try to avoid packing too many sugary snacks for your child to promote healthy eating into their routine, as well as ensuring that their energy remains constant during the day by avoiding those sugar spikes. Putting a Friday treat into their lunch is a fun way to bring in some sugar in a less regular way. 

What will my Kindergartener learn? 

The following breakdown will give you a good guideline of what is expected of your child throughout their Kindergarten year. If at any time during the year you feel unsure of your child’s progress, always reach out to the teacher or get in touch with a tutor to help ensure they smash this vital year!

The Four Frames

1. Belonging and Contributing

  • Focus: Developing a sense of belonging and understanding their role in various groups, such as family, school, and community.
  • Skills: Social skills, empathy, responsibility, and understanding diversity.
  • Activities: Group activities, discussions about family and community, collaborative play.

2. Self-Regulation and Well-Being

  • Focus: Managing emotions, developing self-regulation skills, and promoting physical and mental well-being.
  • Skills: Emotional awareness, self-control, health and safety practices.
  • Activities: Mindfulness exercises, physical activities, healthy eating discussions, routines for managing transitions.

3. Demonstrating Literacy and Mathematics Behaviours

  • Focus: Developing early literacy and numeracy skills through meaningful, playful experiences.
  • Skills: Recognizing letters and sounds, storytelling, counting, recognizing patterns and shapes.
  • Activities: Reading stories, writing, counting games, using manipulatives for math concepts.

4. Problem Solving and Innovating

  • Focus: Encouraging curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking.
  • Skills: Inquiry, experimentation, innovation, and problem-solving.
  • Activities: Science experiments, building projects, exploring nature, open-ended questions and discussions.

What other things do I need to remember?

  • You should receive confirmation from your child’s class teacher and room on the Friday before school starts via email. Your school is likely to send out communication about this before the time. Watch out for emails and updates so that you’re in the know. This email will also outline which door your child will go in through or where their teacher will meet them on the first day.
  • If your child is going to be taking the bus, ensure that you know their stops and bus timing, and walk the route to the bus stop beforehand to see how long it will take to get there.
  • Label all your child’s clothing and items. Water bottles, lunch bags and containers, their clothing that they are wearing as well as the clothing sent with for the day. 
  • All food items should not contain peanuts or tree nuts. This is extremely important as there are many children that have allergies and can cause anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is the most severe form of an allergic reaction, and is life threatening.

How can I help my child manage their emotions around the first day and week?

  • The first day often runs smoothly, little to no tears (from your child that is!). However, the second day and probably the rest of the week may be difficult for your child. Communicate with them about what they can expect. Explain to them that they will meet new friends, new teachers and that they will be safe at school. Ensure that you (or the person collecting them) will collect them every day at the same time. They will never be left there. We often forget to explain in detail to our children about what they can expect from a situation. The better prepared they are, the better the outcome will be. Remember to use this tool for any situations that arise, such as extramural sports or academics.
  • Establishing a routine prior to starting school is a great way to alleviate any potential emotional breakdowns. Set up a consistent morning and evening routine a week or so before school starts, provide a sense of stability and predictability before the BIG switch.
  • If your child tends to suffer from anxiety around separation after a long break from school routines, let your child bring a small comfort item, like a favourite keychain or a family photo, to school. This can provide emotional reassurance.

Now that you are equipped with this vital information, the transition into Kindergarten should be easier for your child as well as for you. If there’s anything else you’re unsure of, please feel free to let us know so that we can add it for the benefit of other parents entering this big year!

Enjoy the rest of your summer! 

Back to School: Supporting Your Child’s Emotional & Social Well-Being

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Supporting your child going to school

When someone says “back to school,” thoughts that immediately come to mind mostly revolve around adjusting your family’s schedule to fit in with the school’s timetable, getting the right supplies and stationery ready, and adapting to the new workload your child will be required to complete. With so much to consider and focus on, it’s easy to overlook the crucial aspect of supporting your child’s emotional and social well-being during this transition. 

We’ve gathered some simple strategies and suggestions to help your child adjust to new teachers, environments, and classmates, develop a healthy sleep routine, promote nutritious eating habits, manage anxiety and stress related to schoolwork and social interactions, and foster positive relationships while addressing issues like bullying and peer pressure.

 

Helping Children Adjust to New Environments, Teachers, and Classmates

Visit the School: Arrange a visit to the school before the first day to familiarize your child with the environment. If possible, see if you can go inside, meet some of the staff and explore the classrooms and grounds.

First Day Reassurance: Let your child know that teachers understand students might feel anxious on the first day and will go the extra mile to ensure everyone feels at ease. If your child appears worried, encourage them to share their concerns and work together to find solutions to make the transition smoother.

Talk About Expectations: Discuss what a typical school day will look like, including routines, breaks, and after-school activities. This helps set clear expectations at new schools, or reiterate the existing expectations for returning students.

Role-Playing: For elementary children, practice scenarios like meeting new friends or asking the teacher for help. Role-playing can reduce anxiety about new social situations.

Create a Comfort Item: If your child tends to suffer from anxiety around separation after a long break from school routines, let your child bring a small comfort item, like a favorite keychain or a family photo, to school. This can provide emotional reassurance.

Establish Routines: Set up consistent morning and evening routines a week or so before school starts, to provide a sense of stability and predictability before the big switch.

Developing A Healthy Sleep Routine

Adjust To Earlier Bedtimes: Start adjusting your child’s bedtime a week or two before school starts to help them transition smoothly into new routines.

Set a Consistent Bedtime: Establish and stick to a consistent bedtime every night. Adequate sleep is crucial for your child’s health and academic success, as lack of sleep is linked to lower academic performance and higher rates of absenteeism and tardiness. 

Create a Calming Routine: Develop a consistent pre-bedtime routine to help your child relax and fall asleep. This could include a bath or shower, reading together, and a goodnight tuck-in.

Limit Screen Time Before Bed: Ensure your child turns off electronic devices well before bedtime. Maintain a quiet and calm environment to help younger children fall asleep.

Promoting Healthy Eating During the School Day

Start with a Nutritious Breakfast: Children who eat a nutritious breakfast perform better in school, with improved concentration and energy levels. If your school does not provide breakfast, ensure your child eats a protein-rich meal before leaving home. 

Explore School Food Options: Investigate the food options available inside and outside the cafeteria, including vending machines, a la carte items and school stores. These should offer healthy choices such as fresh fruit, low-fat dairy products, and water. Familiarize yourself with the school wellness policy and join school groups to support healthy eating initiatives. If your child brings food from home, prioritize nutritious options.

Opt for Healthier Beverages: Encourage healthier drink choices by sending water in your child’s lunch. A single 12-ounce soda contains about 10 teaspoons of sugar and 150 calories, with just one soda a day increasing a child’s risk of obesity by 60%.

 

Managing Anxiety or Stress Related to Schoolwork and Social Interactions

Open Communication: Encourage your child to express their feelings and listen without judgment. Validate their concerns and let them know it’s okay to feel anxious or stressed.

Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques: Teach simple mindfulness exercises or deep-breathing techniques to help manage stress. Apps and guided videos can be helpful.

Break Tasks into Manageable Steps: Help your child break down schoolwork into smaller, more manageable tasks to avoid feeling overwhelmed.

Provide a Safe Space: Ensure there is a quiet, comfortable place at home where your child can relax and unwind after school.

Stay Involved: Regularly check in with teachers to monitor your child’s progress and address any academic or social issues early.

 

Encouraging Positive Relationships and Dealing with Bullying or Peer Pressure

Model Positive Behaviour: Demonstrate how to interact positively with others. Show empathy, kindness, and respect in your interactions.

Discuss Friendship: Talk about what makes a good friend and how to be a good friend in return. Encourage inclusive behaviour and standing up for others.

Identify Trusted Adults: Help your child identify trusted adults at school, such as teachers or counsellors, whom they can approach if they face any issues.

Teach Problem-Solving Skills: Equip your child with strategies to resolve conflicts, such as using “I” statements, finding compromises, and knowing when to seek adult help.

Address Bullying Directly: Educate your child about what bullying is and encourage them to speak up if they or others are being bullied. Reassure them that it’s not their fault and that it’s important to tell an adult.

Positive Reinforcement: Praise and reward positive social interactions and efforts to make new friends. Celebrate small victories in building relationships.

Highlight the exciting parts of starting school: Help your kids anticipate the first day with enthusiasm. Discuss how they will reunite with old friends and have the chance to meet new ones.

 

Conclusion

By being a proactive parent and addressing these areas, you can significantly support your child’s social and emotional well-being, making the return to school a more positive and less stressful experience for everyone!

And remember, BrightSparkz Tutors are always here to help too! Our brilliant tutors can provide a recap on difficult subjects and offer consistent support for any subject that’s bothering your child, ensuring they start the school year with confidence and ease. Let us help make this school year their best one yet! Get a tutor today. 

Building Resilience in Children: Why Adaptability is Crucial

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Resilience is crucial for facing life’s challenges and dealing with setbacks, losses and changes. Building resilience in children and adaptability will help them deal with stress, and emotions and assist them in becoming well-balanced adults.

Most children are old pros when it comes to bouncing back. A scraped knee in a playground leads to tears, a kiss on the boo-boo, and they’re back out on the swings in 5 minutes. Best friends can argue, declare war, makeup and whisper secrets to each other again, all in a single recess. Children are the human equivalent of little bouncing balls! But what happens when your child isn’t bouncing back?

 

What is resilience?

Resilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity, persevere through challenges, and grow stronger from life’s setbacks. It’s not about avoiding or suppressing negative emotions but learning to navigate them with strength, hope, and optimism. Resilience involves developing emotional, mental, and psychological tools to manage stress, problem-solve effectively, and maintain a positive outlook.

 

Quick tips for building resilience in your child

 

Model positive coping mechanisms

Children learn by seeing. While you may not have much control over the inputs at school or with their friends, you can ensure that you model positive coping mechanisms at home for your child. This can include moderating how you respond to challenges and setbacks.

Example

If your child spills their drink, instead of reacting with frustration, calmly say, “Oops, accidents happen. Let’s grab a cloth and clean it up together.” Modelling coping methods teach children how to stay calm and focus on solutions when things go wrong.

Teach problem-solving

Children equipped to handle problems independently are less likely to become overwhelmed by minor setbacks. Helping your child problem-solve can help, giving them decision-making authority in their everyday lives. 

Example

If your child can’t find their favourite toy, resist the urge to solve it for them. Instead, guide them by asking, “Where did you last see it? Let’s think of places it might be.” This encourages them to think critically and take ownership of solving the problem.

Build your child’s self-esteem

Solving problems starts with the self-confidence needed to try in the first place. You can build your child’s self-esteem with affirmations, encouraging a good social life with peers, practicing their favourite activities, helping them learn new skills, and praising good behaviour and kindness. 

Example

When your child completes a drawing or builds something with blocks, praise their effort by saying, “You worked really hard on that, and it turned out great! I can see how much thought you put into it.” This reinforces their confidence in their abilities and encourages them to keep trying new things.

Sport and resilience in children

Sports can play a vital role in building resilience in children, providing them with the tools to handle life’s challenges. A study published in Frontiers in Psychology involving over 67,000 school-aged students found a clear link between regular sports participation and higher resilience levels. Children develop coping skills and perseverance through activities that encourage teamwork, goal setting, and managing both success and failure. 

Example

If your child’s team loses during a soccer match, use it as a teaching moment. Say, “It’s tough to lose, but you played hard and supported your team. What can you practice for next time?”.

Make sure your child knows it’s okay to ask for help

Encourage your child to solve problems independently first and use your judgment with more significant problems. However, you must only step in when they ask for help, or you risk damaging their confidence.

Example

If your child struggles to finish a puzzle, let them try independently. If they eventually ask for help, guide them by saying, “Let’s look at the pieces together and see which one fits best,” rather than solving it for them. 

 

Focus on managing emotions

If your child regularly struggles with emotions, practicing mindfulness might be helpful. You can also create a calm-down kit filled with their favourite mood-boosting objects and activities (think a favourite teddy bear or a puzzle).

Example

When your child is upset after an argument with a friend, encourage them to take deep breaths and use their calm-down kit. Say, “Why don’t we take a moment to breathe and look at your favourite book from the kit? Once you’re feeling calmer, we can talk about what happened.” Children benefit from the ability to regulate their emotions healthily.

 

Reframe adverse events

Reframe setbacks as opportunities for growth and development. Work on finding solutions with your child and ask them, “What can we learn from this situation that will help us next time?”

Example

If your child doesn’t do well on a test, instead of focusing on the result, say, “It’s okay to feel disappointed. What can we do differently next time to feel more prepared?” This approach helps them see setbacks as learning opportunities rather than failures.

 

Reframe adverse events

Teach your child to view problems as challenges to overcome. Reframe setbacks as opportunities for growth and development. 

Example

If your child misses a goal during a soccer game and feels upset, say, “That was a tough moment, but what can we work on to be ready for the next match? You’re improving every time you play!” This encourages them to focus on progress instead of setbacks.

 

Practice gratitude

Gratitude is a fantastic tool for reflection. Build a few minutes into every day, perhaps at bedtime, to have your child recount what they are grateful for, including any challenges they worked through in the day. This goes hand in hand with building a positive, can-do mindset.

Example

At bedtime, ask your child, “What made you smile today? Was there something fun or kind that happened?” Acknowledge their happiness if they mention playing with a friend or enjoying a favourite activity.

 

Building Resilience at Each Life Stage of Your Child

Here’s how to foster resilience in your child from early childhood through adolescence.

Resilience for your Preschool Child

Recognize the signs of stress. Watch for behavioural changes such as clinginess, regression to earlier behaviours (e.g., thumb-sucking or bedwetting), irritability, or difficulty sleeping. Allow them to express their emotions through play. These creative outlets provide a safe space to process emotions they may not yet understand.

Use family time as a source of comfort. Activities like reading, cuddling, and playing together reinforce a sense of stability, which is especially important during stressful times. Establish a consistent routine with mealtimes, bedtimes, and playtimes to reduce uncertainty.

 

Resilience for your Elementary School Child

Open communication is essential for most kids, especially those entering big school. Reassure your child by letting them know that you are taking steps to keep them safe and are always available to talk.

Monitor their exposure to the news or other potentially distressing information. Discuss what they have seen or heard, and clarify any misunderstandings to reduce confusion. Recognize that stressors may amplify their responses to everyday frustrations and approach these emotional outbursts with patience, emphasizing your support.

 

Resilience for your Middle School Child

Fostering empathy is essential for middle school children. Encourage them to empathize with others who may feel excluded, anxious, or uncertain. Empathy will help them build positive relationships with friends, mentors, and teachers. Talk about your own experiences with stress to model healthy coping mechanisms and provide a roadmap for them to handle their challenges. 

 

Resilience for your High School Child

Provide a safe space for your high schoolers to discuss their feelings, fears, and aspirations. Listen without judgment and validate their experiences to build trust. Support their growing independence by allowing them to make decisions and set boundaries that ensure their well-being.

Encourage critical thinking to help your child process complex information from their environment. Discuss current events and their implications and empower them to develop informed perspectives. Remind your child that their value is not tied to their achievements. Celebrate their efforts to help them build confidence.

 

How can BrightSparkz Help?

Resilience is about learning to navigate challenges; sometimes, that means knowing when to ask for help. A BrightSparkz tutor helps your child improve in challenging subjects and teaches them valuable problem-solving skills and the confidence to tackle complex tasks. By working with a tutor, your child learns that seeking support is a strength, not a weakness, fostering their ability to adapt, persevere, and grow. Set your child up for success and resilience—book a BrightSparkz tutor today!

Teaching Basic Numeracy & Literacy

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Basic numeracy and literacy are the cornerstones of your child’s future. Literacy enables them to connect with the world around them. Numeracy fosters the ability to dive deeper and solve everyday problems in the working world.

These skills are interconnected and critical for navigating the modern world. Adopting engaging, systematic, and practical teaching methods ensures your child understands numeracy and literacy.

Creating a Conducive Learning Environment

Creating a conducive learning environment is essential for meaningful learning. A clean, well-lit, and organized area with accessible learning materials provides structure. Designating areas for activities reduces distractions and allows for focus.

Fostering a positive emotional environment is equally important. Respectful interactions, inclusivity, and a focus on safety and mutual respect help learners feel valued.

Establishing structured routines with clear expectations provides stability, while flexibility allows lessons to adapt to your child’s needs and interests. Engaging teaching methods, including hands-on tools, storytelling, and play-based learning, cater to diverse learning styles and motivate them. Technology integration further enriches the experience.

Encouraging autonomy and collaboration fosters confidence and teamwork. If your child is part of a tutoring group, you can work with them to choose activities and group work to enhance their problem-solving skills. Positive reinforcement builds confidence.

Effective behaviour management, through simple rules and positive discipline, helps you maintain a respectful atmosphere. Additionally, adding a community aspect strengthens learning, connecting your child’s classroom experiences with home.

Teaching Basic Literacy

Teaching basic literacy is essential for your child’s educational development. It encompasses critical skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing.

Speaking and Listening Skills

One key area is developing listening and speaking skills. Introduce your child to new words through interactive read-aloud sessions. Encourage informal discussion, no matter the topic, to help improve language comprehension.

Activities such as storytelling and songs keep kids engaged and make learning enjoyable. Storytelling also aids in the retention of new words and concepts.

Reading Skills

Reading skills are another vital aspect of literacy. Systematic phonics instruction is excellent for pre-K and kindergarten-age children. Start by teaching them to identify and manipulate individual sounds in words with activities like rhyming games. Incorporate visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning (e.g., tracing letters while saying sounds).

Revisit previously taught sounds and patterns to ensure mastery. Opt for large print and age-appropriate storybooks to support gradual reading development and foster a love for reading.

Writing Skills

Writing skills require a strong foundation in fine motor abilities. Tracing, colouring, and using scissors prepare your child for writing tasks. Composing simple sentences or short paragraphs will enhance their writing confidence.

Monitoring is also crucial to ensuring your child’s progress. Assess them regularly to help identify strengths and areas for improvement.

Teaching Basic Numeracy

Teaching basic numeracy is essential to equip your child with the foundational skills they need to thrive in school, work, and everyday life.

Number Recognition and Counting Skills

The foundation of numeracy begins with number recognition and counting. Introduce your child to numbers in a clear manner, using visual aids such as number charts or flashcards. Activities like counting objects, singing number songs, and playing games help them associate numbers with their quantities. These techniques are essential for grade 1 and kindergarten numeracy.

For example, asking your child to count toys or snacks reinforces number recognition and connects numeracy to everyday life. Start with small numbers and gradually build a strong base before moving on to more complex concepts.

Basic Arithmetic Skills

Once your child is familiar with numbers, teaching basic arithmetic — addition and subtraction — becomes the next step.

Counters, fruit, or blocks can help your child visualize these operations. For instance, showing how adding two blocks to a set of three results in five helps reinforce the concept of addition.

Similarly, subtraction can be demonstrated by removing items and counting what remains. Numeracy is an opportunity to make learning enjoyable, so be creative.

Shapes and Pattern Recognition

Shapes and patterns form an essential component of basic numeracy. Encourage spatial awareness and logical reasoning by putting pictures of shapes in your child’s learning area.

You can also have them create their own patterns with coloured blocks or draw shapes to enhance creativity while reinforcing these concepts. In this area, a math tutor can provide personalized support, ensuring your child grasps these foundational ideas.

Encouraging Literacy and Numeracy in Early Childhood

This checklist ensures a balanced approach to fostering literacy and numeracy skills in early childhood to ensure a strong foundation for lifelong learning.

  • Use Songs and Rhymes: Sing songs that involve counting or rhyming words to make learning fun. Use finger plays or actions to reinforce concepts.
  • Encourage Questioning and Exploration: Ask open-ended questions to promote critical thinking and curiosity. Let your child explore numbers and letters independently through play.
  • Leverage Technology: Use age-appropriate educational apps or collaborate with an online tutor to teach literacy and numeracy concepts interactively. Watch videos or play games that focus on reading and counting.
  • Celebrate Progress: Praise efforts and achievements, no matter how small. Create a reward system to motivate continued learning.
  • Be a Role Model: Show enthusiasm for reading and math in everyday activities. Demonstrate how they will use these real-life skills with recipes or financial statements.

Total Physical Response

Total Physical Response (TPR) is an excellent teaching method for numeracy and literacy in early childhood. It involves physical movement in response to verbal instructions. It can be highly effective for young children, harnessing their natural inclination to learn through physical activity.

Instructional TPR focuses on learning through actions. For example, when teaching counting, you can have them use their fingers to point at each number as they count. To teach a word like “ear,” have them cup their ear to associate the action with the concept of hearing. Similarly, you could have them use their fingers to mimic the shape of certain letters, further reinforcing the learning process through movement.

Build A Foundation for the Future

Implementing these strategies can create an engaging and supportive learning environment. Grounded in research and best practices, these methods give your child the foundation for lifelong literacy development, enabling them to thrive academically and beyond.

BrightSparkz enables engaging numeracy and literacy learning through guided tutoring, for all ages. By combining structured instruction, interactive activities, and real-world applications, you can equip your child with the skills they need for academic and personal success. Get a tutor today.

Building Fine Motor Skills & Co-ordination

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Fine motor skills and coordination are essential in the modern world, where your child will need all the tools you give them for a successful career and fulfilling life.

These crucial aspects of a child’s physical development enable them to perform everyday tasks with precision and control. They also contribute to a healthy physical and mental profile as adults.

Encouraging activities that enhance these abilities can lead to better hand-eye coordination, improved agility, and greater independence in performing complex tasks. This piece will explore key strategies and activities for building fine motor skills and coordination.

What are Fine Motor Skills and Coordination

Fine motor skills refer to precise movements made by the muscles in the hands, fingers, and wrists. Writing, cutting with scissors, brushing teeth, and tying shoes all require these skills. Many of the most coveted career paths, like surgery or dentistry, require these skills, and developing them early can be of great benefit.

Coordination is the process of using different senses together to complete tasks. Most tasks use hand-eye coordination, but cross-body and bilateral coordination are vital for sports and recreation. Any technical career path, like mechanical engineering or flying, requires coordination skills.

fine motor skills and coordination

Fine Motor Skills Activities

When developing fine motor skills necessary to cope with the demands of kindergarten, we look at how to develop the smaller muscles in our hands and fingers. This is done through activities such as:

  • Playing with play dough
  • Creating pasta necklaces
  • Tearing paper
  • Using scissors
  • Using glue to stick paper or other objects 
  • Building puzzles
  • Playing with food and feeding themselves
  • Colouring in
  • Drawing and painting
  • Playing with sand or water
  • Building with blocks or lego
  • Learning to brush their teeth

Coordination Activities

Additionally skills like coordination are also essential when starting kindergarten. Parents can assist their children in developing their coordination by:

  • Practising balancing on one foot
  • Throwing and catching a ball
  • Running 
  • Jumping
  • Walking backwards
  • Playing tug of war
  • Jumping on a trampoline or jumping castle
  • Swimming
  • Playing sports like football or tennis
  • Learning to ride a bicycle or tricycle
  • Learning to play a musical instrument

It is important that preschoolers develop their coordination and fine motor skills as these are essential for their development. They help with various daily activities in both the classroom and on the playground. 

By creating activities that get children to use their fingers and their hands, you’ll be assisting them in developing their fine motor skills.  These skills will build the foundation for writing, being able to pick up and manipulate books, tie shoelaces and do various art activities. 

By developing coordination, children will show more confidence in walking, running, climbing and will have more fun on the playground. This is important for their self-confidence, and for almost all activities they’ll need to do as an adult. 

When should I expect my child to develop fine motor skills and coordination?

Your child’s fine motor and coordination skills will develop throughout childhood, with every child hitting milestones at different rates. 

Fine Motor Skills Timeline

  • 0-3 months: Limited fine motor control, grasping reflex (automatically grabbing objects placed in their hands).
  • 3-6 months: Starts to swipe at objects, brings hands to mouth, and holds objects with both hands.
  • 6-9 months: Grasps objects using the whole hand can transfer objects from one hand to another.
  • 9-12 months: Develops a pincer grasp (thumb and index finger), picks up small objects like cereal, and starts to point at things.
  • 12-18 months: Begins to scribble with a crayon, turn pages in a book, and stack blocks.
  • 18-24 months: Can use a spoon, attempts to undress, and begins to build simple block towers.
  • 3 years: Can draw circles, manipulate playdough, use scissors to snip paper, and build towers of 6-8 blocks.
  • 4 years: Improves cutting skills, dresses and undresses independently, and draws basic shapes or stick figures.
  • 5 years: Can copy letters, use a fork and knife, tie shoelaces, and build more complex structures.
  • 6-7 years: Refined pincer grasp, can write legibly, button clothes, and manage more intricate tasks like cutting out complex shapes.
  • 8+ years: Fine motor skills become more advanced, allowing for activities like playing musical instruments, typing on a keyboard, or drawing detailed pictures.

Coordination Development Timeline:

  • 0-3 months: Developing head and neck control, limited gross motor coordination.
  • 6-9 months: Rolling over, sitting up, and starting to crawl, developing gross motor coordination between arms and legs.
  • 9-12 months: Begins to pull to stand and may start walking with support.
  • 12-18 months: Walking independently, starting to run, and improving balance.
  • 18-24 months: Kicking a ball, beginning to climb, and showing better coordination with hands and feet.
  • 3 years: Your child should be running with more coordination, jumping with two feet, and catching a ball using arms and body.
  • 4 years: Can hop on one foot, throw a ball with more control, and balance on one foot for a few seconds.
  • 5 years: Your child will be mastering skills like skipping, riding a bike with training wheels, and balancing on one foot for a more extended period.
  • 6-7 years: Further refinement of coordination, participating in sports, dancing, and activities requiring gross and fine motor skills.
  • 8+ years: Coordination improves with more complex physical activities like gymnastics, soccer, or swimming.

How Can BrightSparkz Help?

Not sure where to start? BrightSparkz’s Little Sparkz™ is a fantastic way to introduce the basics of fine motor skills and coordination, as well as some other important skills your child will need in addition, such as memory. 

During each lesson, your child will have the opportunity to strengthen their pencil grip, practice colouring in, using a paintbrush, using glue to stick objects, handling paper and other materials in art activities, as well as learning to cut. Here’s what a happy Mom had to say about Little Sparkz™:

“In just 3 sessions they went from not being able to cut with scissors at all, to being able to cut out small objects. They also quickly learnt the difference between big and small letters in writing their names. 

I think all preschool kids would benefit from this program. Big schools seem to expect so much from kids at Kindergarten level and the leap is just too big for most kids. This program really seems to bridge that gap!”

Based on an article written by Jade Hales, ECD student and BrightSparkz Blog Writer. A version of this article first appeared on brightsparkz.co.za.